peroxide in sign languageperoxide in sign language

Hydrogen peroxide. There is a qualitative test for the presence of peroxides. [12][13], The patients presentation is going to depend on the type of exposure. The OO bond is relatively weak, with a bond dissociation energy of 4550kcal/mol (190210kJ/mol), less than half the strengths of CC, CH, and CO bonds.[4][5]. In this video we'll write the correct formula for Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Its kind of amazing, hydrogen peroxide, you spray it on a drool mystery spot on your mattress youll just kind of watch it over a minute just start to disappear. Done on a Dell Dimension laptop computer with a Wacom digital tablet (Bamboo). Usually,. Even small amounts of concentrated hydrogen peroxide can be lethal in certain situations. White blood cells called macrophages rush to the area to destroy any bacteria that got past the clot and oversee the repair process. We know that their will be O2 in the formula since peroxides contain two Oxygen atoms bonded with a single bond. They may present similarly to asthma exacerbations, other types of inhalation injuries, respiratory infections, or anaphylactic or other allergic reactions. The fizzing does actually help remove and clear debris from the open wound. peroxide, any of a class of chemical compounds in which two oxygen atoms are linked together by a single covalent bond. Ophthalmic exposure will almost certainly require an ophthalmologist evaluation after initial treatment. [4][5], As a disinfectant, it rapidly oxidizes, and the resultant free radicals damage proteins, DNA, and cell membrane lipids - both bacteria/viruses and tissue. Application of a new hyperbaric oxygen therapy protocol in patients with arterial and venous gas embolism due to hydrogen peroxide poisoning. Russak says it works by creating free oxygen radicals, so it kills bacteria. [12], As with other topical exposures, the first treatment will be decontamination. Peroxides are found in household detergents. Quantum chemical calculations predict that it undergoes a nearly barrierless reaction akin to the benzidine rearrangement. Some materials may need evaluation as often as every 3 months. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. If this does occur, it may result in adverse events, such as irritations of the lungs, stomach, skin, or eyes. Two categories of peroxides exist in which one or both of the oxygen atoms are covalently linked to atoms other than hydrogen. Altered Mental Status and Delirium. This means it can accept electrons from other substances. After a rapid initial evaluation of the patient, it is essential to determine the concentration of the solution and the route of exposure, as this is critical in management decisions and prognosis. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. M.8} 'om]jb2^=jUa5 Unfortunately, this deeply held belief extends across multiple cultures and generations. Michael Daignault, MD, is a board-certified ER doctor in Los Angeles. People should still apply caution when using 3% hydrogen peroxide. Yang XY, Liu HY. Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) is colorless liquid with a similar chemical formula to water (H 2 O). Hydrogen peroxide 3% exposures. Inhalation and ingestions may require respiratory interventions, respiratory therapists, or pulmonologists. Thus, organic peroxides are useful as initiators for some types of polymerization, such as the acrylic, unsaturated polyester, and vinyl ester resins used in glass-reinforced plastics. Common classes of compounds that form peroxides include: Refer to the Appendixfor a list of common peroxide forming chemicals and recommendations on safe storage durations. Outer ear infection: What helps if earwax builds up? Medical Toxicology can help to guide further management and disposition. Review necessary workup of a patient presenting with suspected hydrogen peroxide toxicity. Outline the expected course of treatment and prognosis of a patient presenting with suspected hydrogen peroxide toxicity. Screen capture done with Camtasia Studio 4.0. It is also essential to ask about the timing of the exposureand potential co-ingestions or other exposures. [2] One gap in the classes of organic peroxides is diphenyl peroxide. She has dyed her brown hair peroxide blonde. L76$8Tb.+-7xv\Wy6]}4R#Nl1YbKzVrM%`@wp2%4 3d2/W It has antibacterial properties, meaning it may act effectively against bacteria that can lead to acne. A thorough neurologic exam should be performed due to the risk of air emboli. &$'0Ub`|Gm)&8G-f|Y5Cpw? Wilber ST, Ondrejka JE. 18 Apr. Pritchett S, Green D, Rossos P. Accidental ingestion of 35% hydrogen peroxide. 1 0 obj<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>>>/ExtGState<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 4 0 obj<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>>>/ExtGState<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 7 0 obj<> endobj 8 0 obj<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 9 0 obj<>stream The germ destroying properties of hydrogen peroxide are well-documented. Macrophages also secrete growth factors which help repair the wound. And youll need to head to the ER as these skin lesions will need additional treatment as a thermal burn. [1][2], Typically, patients present to theemergency departmentfirst. Wear appropriate lab attire and personal protective equipment (PPE). While hydrogen peroxide does have known antiseptic properties, it may do more harm than good when it comes to wound care. Then put it in a spray bottle and spray the area, but let it sit for an hour or more before . Aldehydes, including acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde. Ingestion of concentrated hydrogen peroxide may also cause burns to the mouth, throat, and esophagus, as with ingestion of other caustics. Toxicity in children is less likely to cause significant mortality or morbidity than in adults as it is often lower concentration solutions, often accidental, and more likely to be a less dangerous mode of exposure (i.e., topical). peroxide, any of a class of chemical compounds in which two oxygen atoms are linked together by a single covalent bond. Could time-restricted eating cause fertility problems? Adults tend to have more severe exposures either due to intentional ingestion of higher quantities or accidental exposure to higher concentrations in an occupational setting. This may also help decompress the GI tract and make the patient more comfortable. Some research, such as a 2016 randomized controlled trial, suggests it may have comparable results as other acne treatments. Young children tend to be exposed accidentally to household concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Blood vessels then dilate to allow fresh nutrients and oxygen to flow to the area and facilitate healing. One of the more dangerous medical myths Ifrequently see in the ER is the widespread belief by patients that copious amounts of hydrogen peroxide should be used to clean cuts and scrapes of any size. Wound cleansers. Wait 15 minutes. [14] A simple qualitative detection of peroxides is carried out with the iodine-starch reaction. Peroxide blonde "woman with peroxided hair" is attested from 1918 (hydrogen peroxide is an effective bleaching agent for hair). So CO would be carbon monoxide. Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, Chemical compounds with the structure ROOR', https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peroxide&oldid=1144552796, Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 14 March 2023, at 09:48. low-density polyethylene (LDPE), [15] Here peroxides, hydroperoxides or peracids oxidize the added potassium iodide into iodine, which reacts with starch producing a deep-blue color. Many aspects of biodegradation or aging are attributed to the formation and decay of peroxides formed from oxygen in air. Solid peroxide formers present little problem except when finely divided, since the reaction, if any, will occur only at the surface. Pak S, Valencia D, Lee C, Lach J, Ortiz G. Ingestion of food grade hydrogen peroxide with resultant gastrointestinal and neurologic symptoms treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy: case report and review with emphasis on the therapeutic value of HBO2 in vascular gas embolism. 3) The containers are made of non-reactive materials such as stainless steel, some aluminium alloys or dark glass. This means that . Massive hepatic gas embolism from a health food additive. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Hydrogen peroxide is produced artificially and doesn't occur naturally. Prior to using peroxide formers and as needed (see Appendix), conduct the two-part evaluation for peroxide content: CAUTION: Never try to force open a rusted or stuck cap on a container of a peroxide-forming chemical. Urban MV, Rath T, Radtke C. Hydrogen peroxide (H. Horowitz BZ. 'Myths about aluminum and deodorant, explained. [6]Hydrogen peroxide may be harmful with dermal or ophthalmic exposure, ingestion, wound or rectal irrigation, injection, or inhalation. and other oxygen compounds. STANDS4 LLC, 2023. Formerly peroxides were regarded as the highest oxides. [12] Artesunate is also efficient in reducing egg production in Schistosoma haematobium infection. Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305. Multiple brain gas embolism after ingestion of concentrated hydrogen peroxide. It can be toxic if a person ingests, inhales, or gets it on their skin or in their eyes. Corneal and conjunctival toxicity from hydrogen peroxide: a patient with chronic self-induced injury. Instead, people are, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. Hydrogen. National Research Council, Prudent Practices in the Laboratory, National Academy Press: Washington, DC, 1995. Ask about their symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing, or pain. We also know that there will be Hydrogen involved in the formula.Hydrogen peroxide is sometimes called Dihydrogen dioxide.When we have a non-metal and a non-metal we have a molecular compound (sometimes called covalent). Higher concentration exposures may present with topical chemical burns, which can be severe. Dermal injury may require general or plastic surgery to help debride wounds or burns. D' Kq$)QDM%Q$%\=~oP3Ii&-}p}xVsz2 2f++*%GGG! The theoretical amount of active oxygen can be described by the following equation:[20]. It may also be beneficial for canker sores, according to University of Florida Health. The OO group in a peroxide is called the peroxide group or peroxy group (sometimes called peroxo group). A combination of clean water, ointments, and clean dressing usually suffices to allow most wounds to heal well. The germ destroying properties of hydrogen peroxide are well-documented. The medical term for earwax is cerumen. Hydrogen peroxide is a cerumenolytic, meaning it can dissolve earwax. Ophthalmic injuries may cause severe burns and lead to temporary or permanent vision loss. [24], Anotherfatal ingestion involved a 2-year-old female who accidentally ingested "2 sips" of 35% hydrogen peroxide while visiting a dairy farm. A person can generally use hydrogen peroxide safely as a mouth rinse as long as they use it correctly. A 27-Year-Old Man With Persistent Breathlessness After an Inhalational Injury. [3][14], Another unusual presentation is exposure to mucous membranes, such as during enemas or intraoperative irrigations. Nelson AL, Porter L. Hydrogen Peroxide Toxicity. [27][28], Prognosis depends on the type of exposure and concentration of the solution. Benzyl peroxide is an over-the-counter (OTC) product the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved for acne treatment. Benzoyl peroxide is an effective topical medication for treating most forms of acne. Acute paraplegia caused by an accidental ingestion of hydrogen peroxide. The temperature at which this will occur depends on the volume of the peroxide, Questionable methods of cancer management: hydrogen peroxide and other 'hyperoxygenation' therapies. *{}TOG~nT}DR1-k4?@!9c~etp?v A%Ap S~ChJ6lSfmRM([DEFZa. It is marketed as solutions in water at various concentrations. Hydrogen peroxide poisoning tends to be bimodal, as most household chemical ingestions are. 35%. The nomenclature is somewhat variable,[3] and the term was introduced by Thomas Thomson in 1804 for an oxide with the greatest quantity of oxygen.[4]. Even though many people view hydrogen peroxide as a safe general disinfectant, the ATSDR notes that exposure can cause irritation of the: Drinking hydrogen peroxide may also result in severe gastrointestinal effects. Ophthalmic exposure can be very painful and may cause local injury to the cornea or conjunctiva. [8][9][10][11], Inhalation of hydrogen peroxide may cause severe issues due to tissue injury and airway irritation leading to potential airway compromise. According to a 2019 case study, side effects may include: People should avoid using a strong concentration of hydrogen peroxide or using it too frequently. The prognosis for ingestion of relatively small amounts of a dilute solution is extremely good, and these patients can be safely observed at home. Hydrogen peroxide has been used for decades to treat small wounds, disinfect surfaces, bleach hair, and is present in a wide range of products. [7], Many peroxides are used as a radical initiators, e.g., to enable polymerization of acrylates. polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), Polystyrene, and Organic peroxides, like their inorganic counterparts, are often powerful bleaching agents.[1]. Could mouthwashes help reduce coronavirus transmission? 2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK. Multiple cells are immediately involved in this initial response. Massive Cerebral Gas Embolism under Discectomy due to Hydrogen Peroxide Irrigation. However, these formulations are not supported by research to be effective and have caused great harmand even death. (2020). The concept of active oxygen content is useful for comparing the relative concentration of peroxy groups in formulations, which is related to the energy content. 20. Caution: Read all instructions regarding interference and other conditions. Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidizing agent. Some common concentrations include: While a person may safely use weaker concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, it can still cause internal and external irritation and other complications. For hydrogen peroxide,the concentration, route of exposure, and location should be determined. Test strips must be stored in accordance with manufacturer recommendations. An individual may also consider safer alternatives to use. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is colorless liquid with a similar chemical formula to water (H2O). Toxicity from ingestion usually results from the release of oxygen gas when hydrogen peroxide comes into contact with catalase found in tissues. Organic peroxides are often sold as formulations that include one or more phlegmatizing agents. Caregivers can consider a nasogastric tube to drain the stomach if the patient presents early enough. Scrub any stains with a toilet brush. (n.d.). Find him on Instagram@dr.daignault. Each peroxy group is considered to contain one active oxygen atom. When a piece of liver is dropped into hydrogen peroxide, the peroxide bubbles vigorously as the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decomposes into water (H2O) and oxygen (O2). Diffuse interstitial lung disease associated with hydrogen peroxide inhalation in a dairy worker. Omissions? There, they may require emergent stabilization, which may include consultation with many specialists depending on the type of exposure. If there is air in the mediastinum or heart, or the patient is hypotensive, and there is suspicion osignificant air emboli, place patients in the Trendelenburg position to help prevent blockage of the right ventricular outflow tract by intravascular gas. Rinse the area with copious amounts of water or normal saline. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. Date last opened (or if unopened, date received) is known and is within the recommended safe storage period per guidance in Appendix A, Evaporation of the chemical is known or estimated to be less than 10%, Container shows no visible discoloration, liquid stratification, or crystallization (around the cap or in solution). K The term active oxygen is used to specify the amount of peroxide present in any organic peroxide formulation. Schwab C, Dilworth K. Gas embolism produced by hydrogen peroxide abscess irrigation in an infant. Hydrogen peroxide is a liquid chemical that's just one oxygen molecule away from water. A recent laboratory-based study investigates whether oral rinses and mouthwashes can inactivate coronaviruses and perhaps reduce transmission. These most likely occur in occupational settings to adults who work in industrial settings, including paper and fabric industries, foam rubber, and rocket fuel. There are obviously specific signs for many words available in sign language that are more appropriate . However, it will also release significant amounts of oxygen gas when exposed to the enzyme catalase, which is present in living tissue. How to Write the Formula for Hydrogen peroxide Wayne Breslyn 635K subscribers 118 12K views 1 year ago In this video we'll write the correct formula for Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Describe signs and symptoms of hydrogen peroxide toxicity. While household 3% hydrogen peroxide is generally safe, exposure to higher concentrations can come with risks. People should try to avoid exposure to strong concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. They also should report to the doctor any symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as rash and itching. acids, ; Hydrogen peroxide 1% in stabilised cream (Crystacide) can be used to . Liu TM, Wu KC, Niu KC, Lin HJ. Consider imaging of the abdomen or pelvis to evaluate inappropriate amounts of air in the GI tract or other potential air emboli, such as air in the portal system.[4]. ), which permits others to distribute the work, provided that the article is not altered or used commercially. MEKP and benzoyl peroxide are commonly used for this purpose. He is also a former United States Peace Corps Volunteer. Others are polymerizable unsaturated compounds that can participate a runaway, explosive polymerization reaction catalyzed by peroxides. Some marketers may promote stronger concentrations of hydrogen peroxide as an alternative treatment for various treatments. Patients will likely present with wheezing, drooling, and/or stridor and may have subglottal narrowing on x-ray imaging. may be considered derivatives of hydrogen peroxide, where one or both of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic radicals. While it may have a variety of potential uses, a person should generally use it only as a disinfectant and should use products containing a safe amount of hydrogen peroxide. But the chemical. Due to its disinfecting and bleaching properties, some people may consider using hydrogen peroxide as part of their skin care routine. [16] For example, the loss of blue color in leuco-methylene blue is selective for hydrogen peroxide. The bottom line is that hydrogen peroxide and other caustic first aid antiseptics like rubbing alcohol should not be used to clean fresh open wounds. Blood and most of our cells contain an enzyme called catalase. Some traditional ways to use hydrogen peroxide include disinfecting cuts and wound. Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. . We avoid using tertiary references. What is hydrogen peroxide? Hyperbaric treatment may be life-saving or life-altering to patients with air emboli. [4] To clean the seat and lid, mix cup (59 mL) of hydrogen peroxide with cup (59) mL of water. \QCzdLC4~ts!$0D.Z)$*N#y 9 ]^Q8GAc*I+E5xXTX1eE>zuTeMy]y5RxNA3E'bUnX`cK>qiu%Jb`CvGHk8DQ'!VC@+a %kY-vk9Prz-+7kHc]*}-&=]l9j`(Fp`i 20_Q Compounds containing allylic hydrogens, including most alkenes; vinyl and vinylidene . Its chemical name is H 2 O 2. If any items above cannot be verified, the container should be considered unsafe and should not be disturbed (promptly contact EH&S at 725-9999 for assistance with safe disposal). He completed his residency training in emergency medicine at Lincoln Medical Center in theSouth Bronx. Finally, it is vital to consult psychiatry if ingestion was intentional. hydrogen peroxide, (H2O2), a colourless liquid usually produced as aqueous solutions of various strengths, used principally for bleaching cotton and other textiles and wood pulp, in the manufacture of other chemicals, as a rocket propellant, and for cosmetic and medicinal purposes. For inorganic peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide: the MQuant Peroxide Test Strip (0-100 ppm range). We link primary sources including studies, scientific references, and statistics within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. It can irritate or damage the cells necessary for wound healing. More concentrated hydrogen peroxide solutions, as are often found in industrial strength solutions, cause significant damage with all types of exposures. It is marketed as solutions in water at various concentrations. Hydrogen peroxide is a risk factor for occupational chemical poisoning. If any symptoms seem serious, a person should go to the emergency room immediately. Toxicity occurs in both young children and adults. [13], Ingestion of larger amounts of dilute hydrogen peroxide or small amounts of more concentrated hydrogen peroxide can have a much poorer prognosis, especially if air embolization has occurred. Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidizing liquid, meaning it produces oxygen. People can use commercially available 3% hydrogen peroxide to disinfectant surfaces. Although it effectively kills organisms in the laboratory, there is little evidence that it is effective in reducing bacterial counts in actual wounds. You are not required to obtain permission to distribute this article, provided that you credit the author and journal. For example in case of H2O2 it has oxygen - oxygen single bond so it is named as hydrogen peroxide but in MnO2, both the oxygens are bonded with Mn there is no bond between oxygens. [15][16], More significant ingestions or exposure directly into the bloodstream from injection or aggressive wound irrigation may present with altered mental status, coma, hypoxia, and hypotension. Call our office at 726-6764 if crystals are visible in the chemical solution or . [2][12], No specific levelsare indicated for hydrogen peroxide toxicity itself. The nomenclature is somewhat variable, and the term was introduced by Thomas Thomson in 1804 for an oxide with the greatest quantity of oxygen.The most common peroxide is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), colloquially known simply as "peroxide". H2O2 is the simples of the peroxides. Other methods for safely removing earwax may include: Exposure to hydrogen peroxide may produce mild symptoms. These patients will present with symptoms of air emboli or local gas production such as subcutaneous air, pain, and swelling as well as possible local tissue injury due to topical exposure or wound beds. [17], Quantitative analysis of hydroperoxides can be performed using potentiometric titration with lithium aluminium hydride. The most common peroxide is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), colloquially known simply as "peroxide". If evaporation or distillation is necessary, do not distill to a dry residue. Soloway, R. A. G. (n.d.). Symptoms are more significant when exposed to mucous membranes but are still mild. [2], The physical exam should begin with a close examination for soft tissue injury at the exposure site. In this article, learn how to whiten teeth naturally at home using baking soda, oil pulling, hydrogen. Treatment for corneal injury is similar to other corneal or conjunctival injuries. Gastrointestinal bleeding, secondary to the burning of the mucosa, air emboli, subsequent necrosis, or rupture from the rapid distension of the gastrointestinal tract, can also occur. Definitions.net. Product name : Hydrogen peroxide solution Product Number : 88597 Brand : Sigma-Aldrich 1.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Identified uses : Laboratory chemicals, Synthesis of substances 1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Company : Sigma-Aldrich Inc. 3050 SPRUCE ST ST. . Updates? [1], Homehydrogen peroxide is often used for cerumen removal, mouthwash, surface or fabric cleansing, and hair bleaching. Hydrogen peroxide is water (H2O) with an extra oxygen molecule (H2O2). 2023. US EN. HnF@0@*V| nV`d:Q!Y$v&2=CR)` 5pdsl+$"_O]) ` _vKb0!MC`=+M+/T Most topical exposures to dilute hydrogen peroxide have very mild symptoms and resolve quickly with just decontamination. +aT|*J5JVyaG4 11q6.)\? Compounds containing benzylic hydrogens. [31][32]If the hydrogen peroxide was absorbed or directly introduced into the bloodstream, air emboli might have formed and caused tissue necrosis. Corrections? Severe toxicity from skin application could include inflammation and blistering. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Inorganic chemistry . peroxide (n.) the oxide of a given base which contains the greatest quantity of oxygen, 1804, formed in English by chemist Thomas Thomson (1773-1852) from per- "large amount" + oxide. If possible, use a material that does not form peroxides. After washing excess makeup off your brushes with a . All rights reserved. Memarzadeh F, Shamie N, Gaster RN, Chuck RS. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Complementary Medicine / Alternative Medicine, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6432694/, https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/disinfection/disinfection-methods/chemical.html, https://www.jopdentonline.org/doi/full/10.2341/15-010-L, https://dermnetnz.org/topics/hydrogen-peroxide/, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Hydrogen-peroxide, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24902405, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-12514-0, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6846309/, https://cfpub.epa.gov/wizards/disinfectants/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537220/, https://dermnetnz.org/topics/wound-cleansers/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279354/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448155/, https://www.poison.org/articles/hydrogen-peroxide, https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/topical-acne-drug-products-over-counter-human-use-revision-labeling-and-classification-benzoyl, https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsDetails.aspx?faqid=305&toxid=55, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5104312/. However, people should apply caution when using hydrogen peroxide in their ear. Depending on underlying damage, they may have some vision loss, which may be temporary or permanent. Get instant definitions for any word that hits you anywhere on the web. Pure peroxides (containing only cations and the peroxide anions) are usually formed by burning alkali metals or alkaline earth metals in air or oxygen.Sodium peroxide Na 2 O 2 is a typical example..

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